A recent report issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has allegedly found that “approximately 13% of adults’ total caloric intakes came from added sugars between 2005 and 2010” despite government recommendations that “no more than 5% to 15% of calories should come from solid fats and added sugars.” R. Bethene Ervin, et al., “Consumption of Added Sugars Among U.S. Adults, 2005-2010,” NCHS Data Brief, May 2013. Based on data from the Natonal Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2010, the report also suggested that (i) “men consumed a larger amount of calories from added sugars than women, but not when their added sugar intakes were expressed as a percentage of total calories,” and (ii) “the percentage of calories from added sugars increased with increasing age for children and adolescents, but there was no difference in added sugars consumption between income groups.” In addition, CDC researchers noted that…
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In a recently published article, psychology and law professors discuss research tending to show that the low-cost, highly refined, widely available sugars consumed by Americans may fit the developing definition of an addictive substance and consider whether such a finding would justify a range of legal and regulatory responses. Ashley Gearhardt, et al., “If Sugar Is Addictive … What Does It Mean for the Law?,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, Spring 2013. Noting that the understanding of addiction and public perceptions shifted when nicotine was declared an addictive substance despite its lack of mind-altering properties and relatively weak withdrawal symptoms, the authors report that the new addiction criteria include an inability to successfully cut down or abstain from a substance, “continued use despite negative consequences,” and diminished control over consumption. The authors compare the concentration of the coca leaf, with minimal addictive potential, into crack cocaine, which “‘hijacks’ the reward…
According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), a federal court has approved a consent decree with Clifton, New Jersey-based Butterfly Bakery, Inc. over claims that it distributed misbranded food products, such as muffins and snack cakes. United States v. Butterfly Bakery Inc., No. 13-669 (D.N.J., order entered March 5, 2013). Under the agreement, the bakery will be unable to process or distribute food until it complies with the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. FDA and state testing apparently showed that foods labeled as “sugar free” contained sugar, and some products contained three times the amount of declared or labeled sugar and two times the amount of fat or saturated fat. See FDA News Release, March 13, 2013.
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s (RWJF’s) Healthy Eating Research (HER) panel has released a set of age-based “Recommendations for Healthier Beverages” that urge government buildings, workplaces and other public venues to increase the availability of water and unflavored milk as replacements for high-calorie beverages. Billed as “an advisory panel of prominent researchers, nutritionists and policy experts,” HER evidently arrived at its findings after reviewing “current beverage standards, recommendations, and guidelines from scientific bodies, national organizations, public health organizations, and the beverage industry.” HER has generally recommended that “water should be available and promoted in all settings where beverages are offered” and endorsed unflavored, low-fat and nonfat milk in age-appropriate portions as a way for children to get adequate amounts of calcium, vitamin D, potassium, and other nutrients. The panel would also permit the consumption of small amounts of 100 percent fruit juice—ranging from 0 to-4-ounce portions for preschool children and 0-to-8-ounce…
The Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy (IATP) has announced a March 18, 2013, webinar to discuss how “America’s sweet-laden diet is helping drive obesity and chronic metabolic disease.” Titled “Sickly Sweet: The Science and Policy of Fructose Overconsumption in America,” the webinar will reportedly be led by Robert Lustig, a specialist in neuroendocrinology at the UCSF School of Medicine who has garnered attention in national venues such as The New York Times for comparing sugar to a poison and linking it to metabolic dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, liver cancer, and other non-communicable diseases.
A recent study has purportedly linked increased sugar availability to the prevalence of type 2 diabetes among overall populations. Sanjay Basu, et al., “The Relationship of Sugar to Population-Level Diabetes Prevalence: An Econometric Analysis of Repeated Cross-Sectional Data,” PLOS One, February 2013. Researchers with Stanford University, the University of California, Berkeley, and University of California, San Francisco, apparently used nutritional and economic data provided by the U.N. Food and Agricultural Organization, International Diabetes Federation and World Bank to examine whether “alternations in sugar intake can account for difference in diabetes prevalence in overall populations” from 175 countries. The findings evidently showed that “every 150 kcal/person/day increase in sugar availability (about one can of soda per/day) was associated with increased diabetes prevalence by 1.1% (p <0.001)” after controlling for other food types, conditions such as obesity, and socioeconomic variables. In particular, the study’s authors reported that “no other food types yielded significant…
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has announced that the International Dairy Foods Association (IDFA) and the National Milk Producers Federation (NMPF) have filed a petition requesting that the agency amend the standard of identity for milk and 17 other dairy products “to provide for the use of any safe and suitable sweetener as an optional ingredient.” FDA is seeking comments and other information by May 21, 2013. IDFA and NMPF have evidently asked FDA to amend the milk standard of identity to allow optional characterizing flavoring ingredients used in milk— such as chocolate—to be sweetened with any safe and suitable sweetener, including non-nutritive sweeteners such as aspartame. According to IDFA and NMPF, the proposed amendments “would promote more healthful eating practices and reduce childhood obesity by providing for lower-calorie flavored milk products.” In particular, the petitioners claim that lower-calorie flavored milk would assist “in meeting several initiatives aimed at…
The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) has submitted a petition to the Food and Drug Administration, asking the agency to set limits on the amount of sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) allowed in beverages. CSPI also implores FDA to make the Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) status of HFCS and sucrose contingent on such limits, which would gradually be phased-in, while calling on the agency to (i) “revise the ‘Sugars’ line on Nutrition Facts labels to address ‘added sugars’”; (ii) “set targets for lower levels of added sugars in foods (apart from soft drinks and other beverages) that provide significant amounts of sugar to the general populations or population sub-groups”; (iii) “conduct a public education campaign to encourage consumers to consume less added sugars”; and (iv) “work with the food industry and interested federal, state, and local agencies to encourage reduced use and consumption of added…
A recent study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has allegedly suggested that compared with glucose consumption, fructose consumption resulted “in a distinct pattern” of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in brain regions linked to appetite and reward pathways, and “a smaller increase in systemic glucose, insulin, and glucagon-like polypeptide 1 levels.” Kathleen Page, et al., “Effects of Fructose vs Glucose on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Brain Regions Involved With Appetite and Reward Pathways,” JAMA, January 2013. Researchers relied on 20 adult volunteers who underwent to MRI sessions “together with ingestion of either a fructose of a glucose drink in a blinded, random-order crossover design.” The MRIs evidently showed that within 15 minutes, “glucose significantly reduced hypothalamic CBF, whereas fructose did not.” As the authors explained, “[I]ngestion of glucose but not fructose reduced cerebral blood flow and thus activity in specific regions that regulate appetite and reward processing. In keeping with…
A recent study has purportedly found that “high levels of glucose in the diet of mice with cancer is linked to increased expression of mutant p53 genes,” raising questions about the effect of a high-sugar diet on tumor growth. Olga Catalina Rodriguez, et al., “Dietary downregulation of mutant p53 levels via glucose restriction: Mechanisms and implications for tumor therapy,” Cell Cycle, November 2012. According to a concurrent Georgetown University Medical Center (GUMC) press release, normal p53 acts as a tumor suppressor but mutant p53 acts as an oncogene, with high levels of expression “linked to cancer aggressiveness, resistance to therapy, worse outcomes and even relapse after therapy.” The five-year study apparently examined how glucose restriction (GR) affected autophagy—the degradation of dysfunctional proteins—in cultured cells and tumor growth in animal models. The first experiments not only suggested that GR helped eliminate p53 mutant proteins via autophagy, but that transgenic mice fed a…
