The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA’s) Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) has denied the May 2011 petition filed by the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) seeking an interpretive rule declaring certain antibiotic-resistant (ABR) strains of Salmonella to be adulterants when found in raw ground meat and raw ground poultry. Additional information about the petition appears in Issue 396 of this Update. CSPI also asked the agency “to ensure adequate sampling and testing for these pathogens and to remove contaminated ground meat and ground poultry products from the human food supply.” FSIS essentially found insufficient data to distinguish ABR Salmonella strains from other Salmonella strains that are susceptible to antibiotics and thus stated that additional data on the characteristics of ABR Salmonella are needed to determine whether the strains identified in the petition “could qualify as adulterants under the Federal Meat Inspection Act (FMIA) (21 U.S.C. 601…
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The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA’s) Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) has announced a final rule amending poultry slaughter regulations and establishing a new poultry inspection system (NPIS) for young chicken and turkey slaughter establishments. Part of USDA’s response to a presidential executive order (E.O. 13563) asking agencies to review and improve existing regulations, the final rule aims to “facilitate pathogen reduction in poultry products, improve the effectiveness of poultry slaughter inspection, make better use of the Agency’s resources, and remove unnecessary regulatory obstacles to innovation.” Optional for young chicken and turkey establishments, which can choose to retain their current inspection system, NPIS will not replace the Streamlined Inspection System (SIS), the New Line Speed Inspection System (NELS) or the New Turkey Inspection System (NTIS), as was originally proposed. FSIS has emphasized, however, that NPIS will allow inspectors “to perform more offline inspection activities that are more effective in ensuring…
A group of 17 U.S. senators has submitted a letter to the Commerce Department warning that a proposed suspension agreement imposing quotas on Mexican sugar imports would violate the North American Free Trade Agreement, “threaten the viability of American food manufacturers and raise food prices for American families.” Led by Sens. Jeanne Shaheen (D-N.H.) and Pat Toomey (R-Penn.), the group includes Sens. John McCain (R-Ariz.) and Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.). Following petitions by members of the American Sugar Alliance, the Commerce Department launched an April 2014 investigation into allegations that Mexico’s mills are dumping subsidized sweetener in the United States, and the department is reportedly due to decide whether to impose duties on Mexican imports soon. “This mutual market access is beneficial to the United States: U.S. growers and refiners do not produce enough sugar to meet the demands of U.S. consumers, and imports are necessary to keep America’s food manufacturers…
U.S. Sens. Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.), Kirsten Gillibrand (D-N.Y.) and Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.) have written a July 28, 2014, letter to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Commissioner Margaret Hamburg, requesting additional information about how the agency plans to implement and evaluate new policies designed to combat the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Noting that “four times as many antibiotics are used in food animal production as are used in human medicine,” the senators praise recent guidance intended to curtail the routine use of these drugs to promote animal growth, but question whether these measures go far enough. “We remain concerned, however, that many of the remaining approved uses of antibiotics to contain and prevent diseases are not strictly defined, and still allow for the continuous administration of low doses of antibiotics,” they write, pointing to loosely-worded guidelines that approve antibiotics to prevent or contain disease “in times of stress.” In particular, the…
U.S. Rep. Rosa DeLauro (D-Conn.) has reportedly introduced legislation (H.R. 5279) seeking to implement a nationwide sugar-sweetened beverage tax. Dubbed the SWEET Act, the measure “would institute a tax of 1 cent per teaspoon of caloric sweetener such as sugar or high-fructose corn syrup,” according to a July 30, 2014, press release. Revenue raised by the proposed tax would be used to fund prevention and treatment programs, nutrition education and other initiatives designed to reduce obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and tooth decay. “There is a clear relationship between sugar-sweetened beverages and a host of other health conditions,” said DeLauro. “We are at a crucial tipping point and the SWEET Act will help correct the path we are currently on.” Meanwhile, Mark Bittman has already penned a New York Times opinion piece in support of the bill, arguing that a national soda tax might not pass congressional muster right now but…
A recent study has allegedly concluded that high dietary sodium intake doubles the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with type-2 diabetes. Chika Horiakwa, et al., “Dietary Sodium Intake and Incidence of Diabetes Complications in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes–Analysis of the Japan Diabetes Complications Study (JDCS),” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, July 2014. Researchers with the University of Niigata Prefecture analyzed food frequency questionnaires and disease incidence data for more than 1,500 people with type-2 diabetes who participated in the Japan Diabetes Complications Study (JDCS) during eight years of follow-up. Their results evidently showed that although sodium intake was not associated with overt nephrology, diabetic retinopathy or all-cause mortality, participants “who consumed an average of 5.9 g of sodium per day had about a 2-fold higher risk of CVD than those who consumed an average of 2.8 g/d.” “The study’s findings provide clear scientific evidence supporting low-sodium diets…
According to a putative class action removed to Arkansas federal court, Whole Foods mislabels several of its 365 Everyday Value brand products as “organic” or “all natural” despite containing synthetic ingredients. Stafford v. Whole Foods Market Cal., No. 14-420 (E.D. Ark., removed July 22, 2014). Originally filed in Arkansas state court in June, the complaint accuses several products of mislabeling—for example, the plaintiff says, the 365 Everyday Value soft drink contains carbon dioxide, citric acid, tartaric acid, and caramel coloring despite its “all natural” label. Whole Foods argued to the state court that the potential class contains more than 100 people who seek over $5 million in damages, so the case was removed to federal court. Alleging that Whole Foods violated Arkansas labeling laws and breached warranties, the plaintiff seeks class certification, damages and interest. A similar case filed in New Jersey state court alleges that Breyers, a subsidiary of Unilever…
A California federal court has dismissed fraud claims against R.C. Bigelow in a putative class action accusing the company of advertising that its tea “delivers healthful antioxidants” when the levels of antioxidants are too low to benefit the consumer. Victor v. R.C. Bigelow, No. 13-2976 (N.D. Cal., order entered July 18, 2014). The court allowed to proceed the plaintiff’s claim that Bigelow’s antioxidants assertion on its packaging violated California’s Unfair Competition Law (UCL) based on the “unlawful” prong, but it dismissed with prejudice his claims that Bigelow had violated the “fraud” prong of the UCL. Despite arguing the importance of the word “deliver,” the plaintiff failed to prove that the phrase “delivers healthy antioxidants” represented that the product contained a high enough level of antioxidants to provide health benefits to the tea drinker; as the court had previously allowed the plaintiff to amend his complaint, the claims relating to fraudulent…
Finding no U.S. jurisdiction, the Eleventh Circuit has dismissed multidistrict litigation against Chiquita alleging the company was liable for aiding and abetting torture and war crimes by paying a paramilitary group for security. Cardona v. Chiquita Brands Int’l, No. 12-14898 (11th Cir., order entered July 24, 2014). Relatives of alleged victims of the paramilitary group filed actions against Chiquita in 2010 and 2011. Additional information on the litigation appears in Issues 342, 345 and 387 of this Update. A district court denied Chiquita’s motion to dismiss but the Eleventh Circuit has reversed this decision, relying on the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum, 133 S. Ct. 1659 (2013). As in Kiobel, “[t]here is no allegation that any torture occurred on U.S. territory, or that any other act constituting a tort in terms of the [Alien Tort Statute (ATS)] touched or concerned the territory of the United States with…
The Third Circuit has reversed a Michigan district court’s dismissal in a case alleging that H.J. Heinz Co. stole the idea for the “Dip & Squeeze” ketchup packet from plaintiff David Wawrzynski, an inventor who had proposed the idea to the company in 2008. Wawrzynski v. H.J. Heinz Co., No. 13-4100 (3d Cir., order entered July 21, 2014). Wawrzynski owned a 1997 patent for a condiment packet that allowed users to dip food into it. From that idea, he developed a “separate and distinct” condiment packet that he called the Little Dipper, which allowed users to either dip food into it or squeeze out the contents. He met with Heinz in 2008 and discussed the possibility of selling the idea to the company, but they never reached a deal. Later, Heinz released its Dip & Squeeze ketchup packet, which allows users the option of dipping food directly into it or…
