The Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) recently issued a draft “Carbohydrates and Health” report urging Public Health England (PHE) to halve the current population guidelines for added sugar intake. An independent expert panel that advises government agencies on nutrition and dietary matters, SACN created a Carbohydrates Working Group at the request of the U.K. Food Standards Agency and Department of Health to clarify “the relationship between dietary carbohydrates and health.” To this end, the working group reviewed scientific literature on “the terminology, classification and definitions of types of carbohydrates in the diet,” as well as evidence concerning the effects of dietary carbohydrates on oral, colorectal and cardiovascular health. After analyzing 225 prospective cohort studies and 403 randomized controlled trials, the working group concluded that although “total carbohydrate intake appears to be neither detrimental nor beneficial to cardio-metabolic health and colorectal health,” the consumption of added sugars increases energy intake…
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The European Food Safety Authority’s (EFSA’s) Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) has published a draft scientific opinion on acrylamide (AA) in food that urges the further reduction of dietary exposure to the substance. According to the draft opinion, AA is formed when the sugars and amino acids in carbohydrate-rich foods—such as coffee, fried potato products, cookies, crackers, bread, and some baby foods—undergo a Maillard reaction during high-temperature cooking. Animal studies have allegedly linked AA consumption to an increased risk of certain cancers, although the panel noted that the substance’s effects on the nervous system, pre- and post-natal development, and male reproduction are not considered a concern based on current exposure levels. To estimate human dietary exposure to AA, the CONTAM Panel analyzed 43,419 results collected since 2010 by 24 EU member states and six food associations. The findings evidently showed that infants, toddlers and other children…
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) representatives are slated to present findings of the agency’s analysis of more than 200 foods containing Class III and Class IV caramels for 4-methylimidazole (4-MEI), a chemical byproduct of manufacturing processes, during the American Chemical Society National Meeting & Exposition, August 10-14, 2014, in San Francisco, California. According to the session abstract, FDA’s analysis estimated dietary exposure to 4-MEI for six U.S. populations: infants younger than age 1; 1-year-olds; children ages 2 and older; children ages 2 to 5; children ages 6 to 12; and teenage boys ages 12 to 18. Consumer Reports has urged the agency to set standards for 4-MEI in foods and called on manufacturers to disclose the types of caramel color in their products so that consumers can avoid 4-MEI. The compound was added to California’s Proposition 65 list of substances known to the state to cause cancer in 2011 based…
The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Office of Food Safety and the Agricultural Marketing Service have announced an August 12, 2014, public meeting in Washington, D.C., to provide information and discuss draft U.S. positions to be discussed at the 27th Session of the Codex Committee on Processed Fruits and Vegetables slated for September 8-12 in Philadelphia. Agenda items include draft standards and proposed draft annexes for certain canned fruits and quick frozen vegetables as well as a proposed draft standard for ginseng products. See Federal Register, July 8, 2014. Issue 529
Sen. Edward Markey (D-Mass.), Rep. Lois Capps (D-Calif.) and Rep. Grace Meng (D-N.Y.) have introduced legislation that would ban the synthetic compound bisphenol A (BPA) from food and beverage containers, citing research reportedly linking BPA to a variety of health problems. In addition, the companion bills would authorize the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to grant one-year waivers from the provisions so long as the manufacturers begin labeling products that contain BPA. “The Ban Poisonous Additives Act will help ensure that our factories and our entire food supply are free from this damaging chemical,” Markey said. “It’s time to ban BPA and move to safer alternatives.” See Law360, July 9, 2014. Issue 529
A University of Oxford study has apparently found that a salad with its ingredients arranged to resemble Wassily Kandinsky’s abstract Painting Number 201 tasted better to subjects than salads with the ingredients tossed together in the middle of or laid out neatly on their plates. Charles Michel et al., “A taste of Kandinsky: assessing the influence of the artistic visual presentation of food on the dining experience,” Flavour 3:7 (June 20, 2014). Researchers prepared ingredients for salads, arranging them in three different ways—“regular,” “neat” and “art-inspired”—and then asked 60 participants to eat and rate the salads. Each salad was prepared with the same 30 ingredients in the same manner except that the sauce was distributed throughout the salad for the “regular,” in an orderly pile for the “neat,” and in artistic flourishes to match Kandinsky’s Painting Number 201 in the “art-inspired.” Researchers compared questionnaires that the subjects completed before and after…
A recent viewpoint article published in The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) discusses an alternative theory of chronic overeating as “a manifestation rather than the primary cause of obesity.” David Ludwig and Mark Friedman, “Increasing Adiposity: Consequence or Cause of Overeating?,” JAMA, June 2014. Authored by New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center Boston Children’s Hospital Director David Ludwig and Nutrition Science Initiative Vice President of Research Mark Friedman, the article discusses the physiological and genetic mechanisms that may contribute to obesity, arguing that “a focus on diet composition, not total calories, may best facilitate weight loss.” In particular, Ludwig and Friedman not only point to previous studies claiming that the body adapts its metabolic responses “to defend baseline body weight,” but argue that insulin disorders “highlight the potential influence of metabolic fuel concentration on body weight regulation.” They also note that, contrary to a calorie-centric view of obesity,…
The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) has submitted a letter to U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Commissioner Margaret Hamburg requesting that FDA require that “all beverages consumed in a soda-like manner, including energy drinks, comply with the same regulations that limit caffeine in ‘cola-type beverages’” and that energy drinks carry warning labels that alert consumers of possible adverse reactions like convulsions or heart attacks. The letter details information obtained from FDA about adverse events related to energy drinks from 2004 to 2014, including heart failure, disability and miscarriage. CSPI also warns that energy drinks are heavily marketed to children and teens, and rates of usage among those groups are high—the letter cites a study finding that approximately 30 to 50 percent of children, adolescents and young adults reported consuming more than one energy drink per month. The consumer group further presses FDA to issue a public…
The Environmental Working Group (EWG) has released a June 2014 report claiming that the fortification of foods with large amounts of vitamins and minerals could pose a health risk to children. Citing a study by the National Institutes of Health and California Polytechnic State University, EWG alleges that children younger than age 8 “are at risk of consuming vitamin A, zinc and niacin at levels above the Institute of Medicine’s Upper Intake Level.” According to the report, excessive intake of these nutrients could lead to liver and skeletal issues and immune system dysfunction, as well as short-term effects such as rash, nausea and vomiting. Targeting “two food categories that are frequently fortified and heavily marketed to children,” EWG’s analysis of 1,556 cereals and 1,025 snack bars allegedly identifies (i) “114 cereals fortified with 30 percent or more of the adult Daily Value for vitamin A, zinc and/or niacin,” and (ii)…
Following a year-long investigation of Whole Foods Markets in California, state and county weights and measures inspectors found that it was charging more than advertised for a wide variety of food items; the company has reportedly agreed to pay nearly $800,000 in penalties and to conduct its business for the next five years under strict oversight. According to the Santa Monica City Attorney’s Office, Whole Foods (i) failed to account for the weight of containers when charging for self-serve foods at the salad and hot bars, (ii) labeled foods sold by pound with higher weights than actually contained in the package, and (iii) sold items by the piece that should have been sold by the pound. Retailers bound by the judgment include those operated by Whole Foods Market California, Inc. and Mrs. Gooch’s Natural Foods Markets, Inc. The company has also agreed to appoint two “state coordinators” who will oversee…
