The European Court of Justice (ECJ) has found that a correct and complete list of ingredients can be part of an overall misleading food label in a case challenging a German tea company’s “Felix Raspberry and Vanilla Adventure” (“Felix Himbeer-Vanille Abenteuer”) product for having no flavorings derived from raspberries or vanilla. Bundesverband der Verbraucherzentralen und Verbraucherverbände v. Teekanne GmbH & Co. KG, No. C-195/14 (E.C.J., order entered June 4, 2015). Teekanne advertises its tea product as fruit tea with natural flavorings and a raspberry-vanilla taste, and the label features depictions of raspberries and vanilla flowers and a seal indicating the product contains only natural ingredients. The ingredient list includes “natural flavouring with a taste of vanilla” and “natural flavouring with a taste of raspberry,” according to the court. “That list thus expresses, in a manner free from doubt, the fact that the flavourings used are not obtained from vanilla and raspberries but…
Category Archives European Courts
The General Court of the European Union has upheld a ruling that pomazánkové máslo, a product primarily marketed in the Czech Republic, cannot be labeled as “butter” under the single common market organization (CMO) regulation. Czech Republic v. European Commission, No. T-51/14 (Gen. Ct., order entered May 12, 2015). The product, a spread used in similar ways to butter, has a minimum fat content of 31 percent by weight, a minimum dry nonfat milk-material content of 42 percent, and a water content of up to 58 percent. The court ruled that the product does not meet the regulation’s standards, which require between 80 and 90 percent of milk-fat content, a maximum water content of 16 percent and a maximum dry material content of 2 percent. Further, the court ruled, the Czech Republic cannot circumvent the provisions of the single CMO regulation by claiming to be exempt if the product is…
A Dutchman has reportedly been sentenced to jail after authorities determined that his companies sold at least 336 metric tons of horsemeat labeled as beef in 2013. Willy Selten will serve 2.5 years for forging invoices, labels and declarations and using forged documents to sell meat. The court judgment apparently determined that Selten “contributed to a negative image for the Dutch meat industry and damaged the sector’s interests” because he sold the horsemeat-beef mixture to foreign firms. During his trial, Selten admitted that he was negligent with his administration, but he argued that he is “not the big horsemeat swindler they’re all looking for.” Since 2013, Selten declared bankruptcy and faces damages claims of €11 million. Details about the sentencing of two U.K. men related to falsifying documents and failing to keep adequate records appear in Issue 560 of this Update. Issue 561
According to a Crown Prosecution Service press release, Peter Boddy and David Moss have been sentenced in the first prosecutions stemming from the “horsemeat scandal” of 2013. Moss, the slaughterhouse manager, was convicted of falsifying an invoice during a U.K. Food Standards Agency investigation and received a four-month suspended prison sentence. Slaughterhouse owner Boddy was fined ₤8,000 for failing to keep adequate records that could trace the origin of the meat, and each defendant must also pay costs of ₤10,442 within six months. “This deception is serious—the absence of proper records means that it is not possible to identify whether the horsemeat may have entered the human food chain,” the prosecutor said. “It also means that if there was a problem with the horsemeat it would not be possible to recall it.” Issue 560
The European Court of Justice has refused to void a lower court’s decision against Dole Foods confirming an $83 million fine shared with other companies resulting from a finding of collusion to fix the prices of bananas sold in several European countries. Dole Food & Dole Germany v. Commission, No. C-286/13 P (E.C.J., order entered March 19, 2015). Dole sought to annul or reduce its fine, arguing the commission had not proven that the weekly communications between banana-producing companies just before prices were set were intended to fix prices. The company also argued that the lower court had lumped price quotes for green bananas and yellow bananas when the price-quoting schemes are separate. The prices of some bananas were set weeks before they were sold, while other companies sold their inventories at different times, Dole argued; as a result, the bananas from different companies were not in direct competition. The…
The European Union’s (EU’s) Court of Justice has determined that the law requires fresh poultry meat to satisfy the microbiological criteria for foodstuffs and that national law may impose a penalty on “a food business operator which is active only at the distribution stage” for placing a contaminated food product on the market. Reindl v. Bezirkshauptmannschaft Innsbruck, No. C-443/13 (E.C.J., decided November 13, 2014). The issue arose from an Austrian proceeding involving a fine imposed on a food retail manager after a sample from her store of vacuum-packed fresh turkey breast produced and packed by another company was found to be contaminated with Salmonella Typhimurium. The Unabhāngiger Verwaltungssenat in Tirol stayed the proceeding and referred to the EU court the questions whether (i) food business operators “active at the food distribution stage” are subject to the full regime under Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005, and (ii) the microbiological criterion in the…
A German appeals court has dismissed a lawsuit brought by consumer group Stiftung Warentest accusing candy manufacturer Ritter Sport of labeling its Whole Hazelnut bar as natural despite containing piperonal, which the group contends can only be obtained using unnatural chemicals. The ruling prevents Stiftung Warentest from claiming Ritter is misleading customers but does not yet allow claims for damages. A representative of Stiftung Warentest expressed disappointment with the decision, saying that they still did not know how Ritter produced the piperonal, but a Ritter representative said that the company, along with its piperonal supplier Symrise, had filed patents on how the substance could be obtained naturally. See Confectionery News, September 15, 2014. Issue 539
Ruling against Val-de-Travers absinthe producers, the Swiss Federal Administrative Tribunal has reversed a 2010 Federal Office of Agriculture decision confirming the “protected geographical indications” registration of the terms “absinthe,” “fée verte”—the green fairy and “la bleue.” Guignon v. Ass’n interprofessionnelle de l’Absinthe, No. B-4820/2012 (Tribunal administratif fédéral, decided August 13, 2014). The court said in a press release that it believed “that this denomination refers to a type of good, regardless of its origin, and not to a product originating specifically from Val-de-Travers.” According to the court, just a small percentage of people in Switzerland associate the terms with this region, a district in the Neuchâtel canton. The president of the absinthe association, which registered the terms on behalf of the producers and defended the appeals filed by distillers in France, Germany and Switzerland, reportedly characterized the decision as “incomprehensible” because most of Switzerland’s absinthe is produced in Val-de-Travers and the ruling…
The U.K. Supreme Court has reportedly refused to consider the appeal filed by Chobani Inc. from an appeals court order dismissing its appeal of a permanent injunction prohibiting the company from designating its U.S.-made yogurt as “Greek” yogurt. Additional details about the January 2014 appeals court ruling appear in Issue 511 of this Update. According to a court spokesperson, three justices dismissed the application for permission to appeal “because the application [did] not raise a point of law of general public importance.” Fage U.K., Ltd., which instituted the litigation, said of the ruling, “The High Court has ended the ‘Greek yogurt’ case, its decision is final. Chobani is forbidden from selling US-made strained yogurt as ‘Greek’ in the United Kingdom.” Fage also reportedly said that Chobani must pay its legal fees. Meanwhile, expressing disappointment in the outcome, Chobani has apparently indicated that it no longer sells its yogurt in Britain,…
Advocate General Niilo Jääskinen of the EU Court of Justice has issued an opinion in the case of a morbidly obese child-minder in Denmark who lost his job, allegedly due to unlawful discrimination, finding that “if obesity has reached such a degree that it plainly hinders participation in professional life, then this can be a disability” under the Equal Treatment in Employment Directive. Karsten Kaltoft, who never weighed less than 352 pounds (with a BMI of 54) during his 15-year tenure with the Municipality of Billund taking care of other people’s children in his home until he was terminated, claimed that his dismissal was based on his weight and sought damages for discrimination. The Court of Kolding in Denmark referred the case to the EU Court of Justice, seeking an opinion on whether the EU Treaty and Charter included a “self-standing prohibition on discrimination on the grounds of obesity,” or…
