The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has released the latest statistics on sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in 23 states and the District of Columbia, concluding that, in 2013, approximately 30 percent of surveyed adults reported drinking at least one SSB per day. Sohyun Park, et al., “Prevalence of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake Among Adults—23 States and the District of Columbia, 2013,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Feb. 26, 2016. Relying on data gathered via Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) telephone survey, the study refined previous questionnaires to solicit information about the consumption of sweet tea and energy drinks in addition to regular soda and sweetened fruit beverages. The results evidently indicate that “at least once daily SSB intake was most common among persons aged 18–24 years (43.3%), men (34.1%), blacks (39.9%), persons who reported being unemployed (34.4%), and persons with less than a high school education (42.4%).” Across…
Category Archives Scientific/Technical Items
New research reportedly suggests that belief in food addiction translates into support for obesity-related policies, “even when accounting for the significant associations of age, gender and political party.” Erica Schulte, et al., “Belief in Food Addiction and Obesity-Related Policy Support,” PLoS One, January 2016. Relying on the responses of 200 individuals recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk to answer questions about belief in food addiction and support for 13 obesity-related initiatives, researchers reported that “belief in food addiction and political party both had moderate effect sizes for predicting support for obesity-related policy.” “Historically, the identification of a substance as addictive shifts public perceptions in a manner that increases support for public policies that aim to reduce the negative impact of the substance (e.g., restrictions on marketing, taxation),” the study’s authors noted. “For example, the identification of nicotine as addictive, rather than habit forming, was one of the defining moments that shifted…
A research article examining the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) and Palatable Motives Eating Scale (PEMS) has concluded that together these tools “offer a rigorous way to evaluate whether an addictive process contributes to certain eating disorders, such as obesity and binge eating.” Jose Manuel Lerma-Cabrera, et al., “Food addiction as a new piece of the obesity framework,” Nutrition Journal, January 2016. Summarizing various “food addiction” studies, the authors posit that these models suggest “certain highly processed foods can have a high addictive potential and may be responsible for some cases of obesity and eating disorders.” In particular, the article notes that despite the evidence for food addiction, “it is highly unlikely that all foods have addictive potential.” It claims that manufacturers “have designed processed foods by adding sugar, salt, or fat, which can maximize the reinforcing properties of traditional foods (fruits, vegetables). The high palatability (hedonic value) that this…
A new study suggests that warning labels on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) could dissuade parents from purchasing these products for children. Christina A. Roberto, et al., “The Influence of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Health Warning Labels on Parents’ Choices,” Pediatrics, February 2016. Based on research involving tobacco warning labels, the study aimed to determine if SSB warning labels could (i) educate consumers about potential “health harms” “above and beyond” existing calorie declarations; (ii) “influence parents’ intentions to buy SSBs for their children”; and (iii) “influence parents’ perceptions and intentions toward nonlabeled beverages.” It also evaluated warning label phrasing and “parents’ beliefs about proposals to put warning labels on SSBs.” Surveying 2,381 primary caregivers of children ages 6 to 11, researchers randomly assigned parents to one of six conditions: “(1) no warning label (control); (2) calorie label; or (3–6) 1 of 4 text versions of a warning label (eg, Safety Warning: Drinking beverages with…
An animal study examining the purported link between high sucrose intake and the development of mammary gland tumors has attributed the effect in part “to increased expression of 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) and its arachidonate metabolite 12-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE).” Yan Jiang, et al., “A Sucrose-Enriched Diet Promotes Tumorigenesis in Mammary Gland in Part through the 12-Lipoxygenase Pathway,” Cancer Research, January 2016. University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center researchers used several mouse models--“including a mouse mammary gland tumor model that carries a MMTV/unactivated neu transgene, a human triple-negative breast cancer cell (MDA-MB-231) orthotopic mouse model, and a breast cancer lung metastasis mouse model (injected with 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells)”--to identify a potential mechanism by which a sucrose-enriched diet contributes to tumor genesis and metastasis. The study reports that 50 to 58 percent of mice on a sucrose-enriched diet developed mammary tumors, compared to 30 percent on a starch-control diet. It also…
Plain food packaging for snack foods decreases purchase intention and brand perception but increases actual consumption among some consumers, according to French and Belgian researchers. Carolina O.C. Werle, et al., “Is plain food packaging plain wrong? Plain packaging increases unhealthy snack intake among males,” Food Quality and Preference, December 2015. Billed as the first to examine “the impact of plain packaging on consumers’ perceptions and actual consumption of unhealthy food items,” the study used brand- and plain-packaged M&M’s® to explore the effects of plain packaging on (i) product and brand attitudes as well as the intention to consume an unhealthy snack, (ii) food intake once consumers have sampled the product, and (iii) food intake when plain packaging is combined with low-fat claims. The results evidently indicate plain food packaging “negatively impacts product and brand attitudes as well as intention to consume an unhealthy snack when consumers only evaluate the packaging.”…
A study examining table salts sold in China has purportedly found that many brands contain microscopic plastic particles such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene and cellophane. Dongqi Yang, et al., “Microplastic Pollution in Table Salts from China,” Environmental Science & Technology, October 2015. Relying on samples obtained from Chinese supermarkets, researchers report that microplastic content was highest in sea salts at 550–681 particles per kilogram, followed by lake salts at 43–364 particles/kg and rock salts at 7–204 particles/kg. The authors link this contamination to the pollution of coastal and estuary waters with water bottles, cellophane wrappers and the microbead exfoliates found in cosmetics. They also raise questions about the salt processing, drying and packaging process. Based on World Health Organization guidelines for salt intake, the study estimates that adults who maximize their sea salt consumption will ingest approximately 1,000 microplastic particles each year from table salt alone, in addition to the…
An animal study has reportedly suggested that dietary long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) can increase the severity of chronic inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Aiden Haghikia, et al., “Dietary Fatty Acids Directly Impact Central Nervous System Autoimmunity via the Small Intestine,” Immunity, October 2015. Using murine cell cultures and experimental models, researchers evidently showed that LCFAs “enhanced the differentiation and proliferation” of central nervous system reactive immune cells in the intestinal wall, while short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) promoted the development of regulatory cells that control excessive inflammation. “These data demonstrate a direct dietary impact on intestinal-specific, and subsequently central nervous system-specific, Th cell responses in autoimmunity, and thus might have therapeutic implications for autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis,” states the study, which remarks that these effects did not appear in germ-free intestinal environments and raises questions about the role of the microbiome in mediating autoimmune responses. The researchers apparently…
A University of Washington study has allegedly found that many red wines produced in California, Washington, New York and Oregon contain arsenic levels exceeding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA’s) limit for drinking water of 10 parts per billion (ppb). Denise Wilson, “Arsenic Content in American Wine,” Journal of Environmental Health, October 2015. Authored by an electrical engineering professor, the study purportedly finds that all samples taken from 65 representative wines contained inorganic arsenic, with an average arsenic level of 23.3 ppb. In addition, 58 percent of the samples contained lead and 5 percent exceeded EPA’s lead limits for drinking water. A companion study notes that adults who consume high quantities of rice and infants who consume organic brown rice syrup could also be ingesting arsenic at levels that exceed maximum recommended amounts. The research ultimately raises concerns about dietary exposure to arsenic from multiple sources, urging wineries to test…
School meals may contain enough bisphenol A (BPA) to exceed low-dose toxicity thresholds, according to Stanford and Johns Hopkins researchers. Jennifer Hartle, et al., “Probabilistic modeling of school meals for potential bisphenol A (BPA) exposure,” Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, September 2015. Using federal school nutrition guidelines as well as information obtained from San Francisco Bay Area schools, the researchers modeled BPA exposure scenarios for elementary and middle schoolers consuming a mix of fresh and packaged foods at school lunch. The results evidently showed exposures ranging from 0.00049μg/kg-BW/day for a middle-school student with a low-exposure breakfast, to 1.19μg/kg-BW/day for an elementaryschool student eating a high-exposure lunch. “During school site visits, I was shocked to see that virtually everything in school meals came from a can or plastic packaging,” Stanford Prevention Research Center Postdoctoral Fellow Jennifer Hartle is quoted as saying. “Meat came frozen, pre-packaged, pre-cooked and pre-seasoned. Salads…
