Baby food manufacturer Plum Organics has agreed to adjust its products’ names to more accurately reflect their contents in light of threatened litigation from consumer group Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI). CSPI contended Plum's products misleadingly featured names highlighting their "healthful, high-value ingredients, such as kale, quinoa, blueberries, and green beans," but were composed mostly of "less healthful, less-valuable ingredients, such as apple juice or apple puree." Further details about CSPI's letters to Plum and Gerber appear in Issue 565 of this Update. “Plum’s label improvements will be of enormous help to parents, who want to know at a glance what’s in the food they buy for their infants and toddlers and don’t have time to authenticate information on the front package by reading through every ingredient and disclosure on the back of the package,” said CSPI Litigation Director Maia Kats in an October 22, 2015, press…
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A California federal court has denied Gerber Products Co.’s attempt to dismiss a false advertising lawsuit about the company’s Good Start® Gentle based on the reasoning in a June 2015 Fourth Circuit decision that significantly changed the law. Zakaria v. Gerber Prods. Co., No. 15-0200 (C.D. Cal., order entered July 14, 2015). The June decision found that, “so long as there is a ‘reasonable difference of scientific opinion’ as to the merits of a manufacturer’s health claim, the alleged actual falsehood of that health claim cannot be the basis for a cause of action under several consumer protection laws.” In re GNC Corp., No. 14-1724 (4th Cir., order entered June 19, 2015). After the court denied its motion to dismiss on June 18, Gerber filed for reconsideration, arguing that In re GNC “has changed the law of false advertising.” The court, noting that the Fourth Circuit decision was not binding…
The shareholder advocacy group As You Sow has announced the success of a three-year campaign targeting baby formula purportedly made with ingredients derived from genetically modified organisms (GMOs). According to a May 27, 2015, press release, the group drafted a shareholder resolution asking Abbott Laboratories to remove GMOs from its Similac® Advance® baby formula. In response to the resolution, which apparently garnered support from $2.7 billion in Abbott shares (6 percent of voting shares) at the company’s annual meeting, Abbott has reportedly agreed to offer a GMO-free version of its popular formula. Among other things, As You Sow claims that GMO crops “are contributing to several environmental concerns in the United States,” including the allegedly excessive use of pesticides and herbicides. “Polls show that 93% of Americans want GMOs to be labeled or taken out of their foods. Concerned parents are driving the decisions to have safer food products—they are creating…
Two plaintiffs have filed a lawsuit against Gerber Products Co. alleging that the company misrepresented its Gerber® Good Start® infant formula by advertising it as the “first and only formula whose consumption reduces the risk of infants developing allergies.” Hasemann v. Gerber Prods. Co., No. 15-2995 (E.D.N.Y., filed May 21, 2015). The complaint echoes a similar lawsuit against Gerber pending in New Jersey federal court. The plaintiffs assert that Gerber advertises its product as providing health benefits through partially hydrolyzed whey protein despite an alleged U.S. Food and Drug Administration denial in 2005 that Gerber’s formula aids against allergy development. The plaintiffs seek class certification and damages of more than $5 million. Additional details about Gerber’s successful motion to receive medical records in the analogous case appear in Issue 562 of this Update. See Legal Newsline, June 2, 2015. Issue 567
A group of consumers has filed a putative class action against Abbott Laboratories, Inc. alleging the company misrepresents its Similac Advance® Organic Infant Formulas because several of the ingredients are banned by federal law from use in food labeled “organic.” Marentette v. Abbott Labs., Inc., No. 15-2837 (E.D.N.Y., filed May 15, 2015). The plaintiffs challenge the products’ inclusion of beta carotene, biotin, taurine and lutein, among several other ingredients, and additionally assert that “at least one ingredient in these infant formulas is produced using genetically engineered materials—a practice forbidden in organic foods.” The complaint contends that Abbott knew that consumers would pay more for organic products and willfully misled them. The plaintiffs seek class certification, damages and an injunction for alleged violations of New York and California consumer-protection statutes, unjust enrichment and breach of warranty. Since the complaint was filed, Abbott has begun offering a version of Similac Advance® manufactured…
The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) has threatened to bring lawsuits against Plum Organics and Gerber Products Co. for allegedly deceptive trade practices in the marketing and labeling of their food products for babies and toddlers. In its May 11, 2015, letter addressed to Gerber and its parent company Nestlé S.A., CSPI notes that the company labels several of its products in the 2nd Foods, 3rd Foods and Graduates lines “as being composed of certain healthful ingredients, when, in fact, the Products contain substantial amounts of other less healthful, less valuable ingredients, such as apple juice, that are not identified at all on the [principal display panel].” Similar allegations appear in the letter addressed to the heads of Plum Organics concerning the company’s baby food and 4 Essential lines. The letters assert that both companies market the products as containing high amounts of “healthful, high-value ingredients, such…
A New Jersey federal court has granted Gerber’s motion to compel discovery of medical records in a consumer putative class action alleging that the company misrepresented its probiotic formula as capable of improving infant immune systems. In re Gerber Probiotic Sales Practices Litig., No. 12-835 (D.N.J., order entered April 10, 2015). Gerber requested medical records for the children who ingested the products, but the plaintiffs objected that the “overly broad” request violated their rights of privacy and that the records were subject to physician-patient privilege. The court agreed with Gerber, finding “a legitimate need for medical records as there is no other source that could test the actual effectiveness of the products that claim to produce immune system health. Proof in the form of scientific studies and expert testimony may not be sufficient,” the court said, so “actual facts or the lack thereof may be essential.” Further, the medical records…
A California appeals court has affirmed a lower court’s ruling against plaintiff Environmental Law Foundation (ELF), which alleged that the products of Beech-Nut Nutrition Corp. and other food manufacturers, distributors and retailers contained sufficient amounts of lead to trigger warnings required under the state’s Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 (Prop. 65). Envtl. Law Found. v. Beech-Nut Nutrition Corp., No. A139821 (Cal. Ct. App., 1st App. D., Div. 1, order entered March 17, 2015). ELF argued that several products, including foods predominantly intended for babies and toddlers, contained more than the state’s safe-harbor level of 0.5 micrograms per day. On appeal, ELF challenged the trial court’s decision to allow Beech-Nut’s experts to average lead test results over multiple lots rather than evaluating each individually because the single highest result may have met the minimum threshold for Prop. 65 labeling. The court dismissed the challenge, finding that averaging…
Researchers with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have published a study claiming that many infant and toddler foods sold in the United States contain too much sodium or sugar. Mary Cogswell, et al., “Sodium and Sugar in Complementary Infant and Toddler Foods Sold in the United States,” Pediatrics, March 2015. Relying on a database of 1,074 infant and toddler foods and drinks that sourced nutrient information from a commercial database, manufacturer websites and major grocery stores, the study reported that “the majority of toddler cereal bars/breakfast pastries, fruit, and infant/toddler snacks, desserts, and juices contained ≥1 added sugar,” that is, at least one added sugar on the ingredient list. In addition, the study’s authors noted that 41 of 79 infant mixed grains and fruits contained ≥1 added sugar, while 35 of these products derived more than 35 percent of their calories from sugar. They also concluded that…
Days after the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) filed a lawsuit to enjoin Gerber Products Co. from claiming that its Good Start® Gentle infant formula helps reduce allergies in children, a consumer filed a putative class action in Arizona federal court alleging the same facts. Werthe v. Gerber Prods. Co., No. 14-8216 (D. Ariz., filed November 3, 2014). Additional information about FTC’s lawsuit against Gerber appears in Issue 543 of this Update. Like the FTC complaint, the consumer action alleges that Gerber advertises the partially hydrolyzed whey protein (PHWP) in its Good Start® Gentle formula as reducing the risk of atopic dermatitis in infants. As a result, Gerbercharges “a significant premium” over other infant formulas, the plaintiff asserts. The complaint cites Gerber’s labeling, which allegedly promises thatits product is the “1st & Only Routine Formula to Reduce the Risk of Developing Allergies” and that it “Meets FDA [U.S. Food and Drug…
