“Energy bars and energy drinks are just the tip of this antioxidant-enhanced, vitamin-enriched, high-fiber iceberg,” writes Anneli Rufus in an August 3, 2010, AlterNet article examining health claims based on nutraceuticals such as “vitamins, minerals, amino acids, herbs, other botanicals, and that amorphous category known as dietary supplements.” According to Rufus, “nutraceuticals hark back to preindustrial folk remedies,” but are not yet proven to work in people. As Stephen DeFelice of the Foundation for Innovation in Medicine told her, the functional-foods industry “is all marketing, marketing, marketing without the clinical research to back it up.” Rufus goes on to trace the history and development behind “the nutraceutical boom,” noting that consumers are again seeking “good for you” foods after a century of focusing “entirely on flavor, speed and ease.” To meet this demand, functional-food companies must walk “a tricky linguo-legislative tightrope” in marketing their products, with restrictions placed on claims linking…
Tag Archives vitamins and minerals
“If there’s a nutrient it’s easy to overdose on, it’s folic acid,” writes Prevention columnist Laura Beil in this article citing research allegedly linking the synthetic form of B vitamin folate to colon, lung and prostate cancers. Beil reports that this nutrient is already a staple in most diets, partly because the government requires its inclusion in enriched grains such as white flour and white rice to reduce birth defects. Still, according to Beil, many food manufacturers have taken it further, “giving breakfast cereals, nutrition bars, and beverages a folic acid boost.” Noting that women are advised to get 400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid daily, she registers concern that some consumers who take a multivitamin and eat breakfast are getting “a megadose before walking out the door.” Beil focuses on studies that have purportedly linked these high folic acid doses to an increase in hospitalization rates for colon cancer.…
A federal court in California has dismissed a lawsuit that the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) filed against a company which claimed its multivitamin supplements supported prostate health or reduced the risk of prostate cancer. CSPI v. Bayer Corp., No. 09-05379 (N.D. Cal., decided March 25, 2010). The court determined that CSPI could not bring claims under California’s Unfair Competition Law (UCL) or its Consumer Legal Remedies Act (CLRA) in a representational capacity on behalf of consumers. The court also found that the organization lacked standing to sue on its own behalf. According to CSPI’s complaint, the company’s conduct interfered with its mission to “provide useful, objective, and safe information to the public.” The court found that these allegations of injury were insufficient to demonstrate cognizable injury for the organization to sue on its own behalf under the UCL, which requires an action to be brought by a…
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recently published a second series of opinions on a list of “general function” health claims for foods. EFSA’s Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies assessed the scientific data submitted to substantiate more than 400 hundred health claims; its opinions are forwarded to the European Commission and member states, which ultimately decide whether to authorize the claims. Among other matters, the panel generally allowed adequately supported claims related to vitamins and minerals, but rejected “probiotic” and “antioxidant properties” claims for lack of information and evidence. EFSA apparently expects to complete its work by 2011, depending on the final number of claims received. See EFSA News Release, February 25, 2010.
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has announced that it sent letters to 11 unnamed companies in late January 2010, warning that their promotions and product packaging for omega-3 fatty acid supplements may violate the law “by making baseless claims about how the supplements benefit children’s brain and vision function and development.” FTC apparently gave the companies until February 8 to respond and explain what they have done or will do to ensure they are complying with the law, that is, that their health-related claims “are substantiated.” FTC provides as an example of substantiation “well-conducted, clinical cause-and-effect studies demonstrating that the use of the combination of Omega-3 fatty acids provided in Product X, in the same dosage as provided by one serving of the product, improves or promotes brain function, cognitive function, attention span, intelligence, memory, learning ability, and visual acuity in normal children ages 2 years and older.” The agency…
According to a news source, the Canadian Journal of Public Health has published research showing that folic-acid fortified foods often contain, on average, 50 percent more of the vitamin than listed on product labels. Some foods apparently contain 377 percent of the folic acid declared. The federal government reportedly adopted a folic-acid fortification program in the late 1990s affecting products ranging from breads, cookies, crackers, and pastas to desserts and ready-to-eat cereals. The incidence of certain birth defects in Canada has dropped by more than half since then, and the program is also credited with reducing heart defects and neuroblastoma, a type of childhood cancer. Some in Canada have reportedly called for adding folic acid to other foods, but caution has been urged in light of the new research because too much folic acid can mask vitamin B12 deficiency, a problem for seniors with anemia. Excess levels can also apparently interfere…
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has amended its food-additive regulations to allow soy-based foods and drinks to be fortified with vitamin D. The amendment, which was prepared in response to a petition filed by Dean Foods, allows for the addition of crystalline vitamin D2—and not the resin from the vitamin—to soy beverages, soy beverage products, soy-based butter substitute spreads, soy-based cheese substitutes, and soy-based cheese substitute products. The FDA concluded, “there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result from the use of vitamin D2 as a nutrient supplement” in the soy products in question. See Federal Register and Foodnavigator-usa.com, March 16, 2009.
California’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) is considering adopting rules under Proposition 65 (Prop. 65) that are intended to prevent overexposure to beneficial nutrients in food. The agency’s “Initial Statement of Reasons” for the proposed rules, still in draft, note that “[e]xcessive exposures to some [vitamins and minerals necessary to promote human health] have the potential to cause cancer or adverse reproductive effects.” OEHHA plans to establish the level of a listed chemical that does not constitute an exposure within the meaning of Prop. 65 and thus would not require warnings. Previous drafts indicated that the agency would rely on “Recommended Dietary Allowance” levels, but the most recent version indicates that levels for individual chemicals will be made on the basis of a chemical-by-chemical evaluation. OEHHA has also apparently indicated its intention to address human nutrients and plant nutrients separately. According to the California League of Food Processors,…
FDA has issued a final rule “amending its labeling regulation authorizing a health claim on the relationship between calcium and a reduced risk of osteoporosis to include vitamin D so that, in addition to the claim for calcium and osteoporosis, an additional claim can be made for calcium and vitamin D and osteoporosis.” Effective January 1, 2010, the rule would also eliminate (i) “the requirement that the claim list sex, race, and age as specific risk factors for the development of osteoporosis”; (ii) “the requirement that the claim does not state or imply that the risk of osteoporosis is equally applicable to the general U.S. population, and that the claim identify the populations at particular risk for the development of osteoporosis”; (iii) “the requirement that the claim identify the mechanism by which calcium reduces the risk of osteoporosis and instead make it optional”; and (iv) “the requirement that the claim…
