A review of recent research focused on food consumption and mood regulation has reported that complex biological factors engage both the peripheral and central nervous system “in a bi-directional manner linking food intake, mood, and obesity.” Minati Singh, “Mood, Food and Obesity,” Frontiers in Psychology, September 2014. Summarizing human and animal studies, the article addresses the following topics: (i) the relationship between stress, mood and food intake, (ii) the relationship between mood, food preference and obesity; (iii) “food reward, addiction and obesity”; (iv) “society and food addiction”; (v) the roles of ghrelin, serotonin, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and insulin in regulating food, mood and obesity; and (vi) “epigenetics, mood and eating disorders.” “Many people find it hard to stop eating a particular food even though they are not hungry,” explains the article author. “Such behaviors activate the brain reward center and alter the brain structure… Through neurobiological data, presence of food…
Tag Archives obesity
Yale University has announced that the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity will move to the University of Connecticut’s (UConn’s) Center for Health, Intervention and Prevention in January 2015 to help launch a major initiative prioritizing “health, wellness, and obesity prevention as an integral part of the University’s mission.” According to a September 12, 2014, press release, “[t]he move will allow Rudd Center researchers to expand their work and build new collaborations with UConn experts on nutrition, public policy, psychology, agriculture, economics, and obesity.” Among other things, the partnership aims to encourage new research on a wide variety of obesity-related topics, including: (i) “economic incentives and the role of marketing in food choices”; (ii) “genetic and neurophysiological moderators of risk for obesity”; (iii) “chemosensory perception in humans and how it influences food preference and intake”; (iv) “weight management interventions for adults and children”; (v) “[the] effects of cholesterol-lowering medications…
A recent study examining early microbiota disruption has purportedly suggested “that antibiotic exposure during a critical window of early development disrupts the bacterial landscape of the gut, home to trillions of diverse microbes, and permanently reprograms the body’s metabolism, setting up a predisposition to obesity.” Laura Cox, et al., “Altering the Intestinal Microbiota during a Critical Developmental Window Has Lasting Metabolic Consequences,” Cell, August 2014. Researchers with New York University’s (NYU’s) Langone Medical Center apparently used low-dose penicillin (LDP) to disrupt the gut microbiota of mice in the week before birth or immediately after weaning to measure the life-long metabolic effects. The results evidently showed that mice receiving LDP in the womb and early in life had increased fat mass compared with mice that received no antibiotics at all. “When we put mice on a high-calorie diet, they got fat. When we put mice on antibiotics, they got fat,” reported lead…
Examining the evolution of the Nutrition Science Initiative (NuSI), a recent Wired magazine article by Sam Apple explores how NuSI’s latest research efforts seek to test long-standing assumptions about the health effects of sugar and fat. Titled “Why Are We So Fat? The Multimillion-Dollar Scientific Quest to Find Out,” the article highlights the work of NuSI founders Peter Attia, a medical researcher, and Gary Taubes, a science journalist who has made a career out of exposing the allegedly tenuous evidence linking dietary nutrients to specific disease outcomes. “Taubes and Attia are firmly in the sugar-bad, saturated-fat-good camp,” reports Apple, pointing to an alternative hypothesis now popular in some scientific circles that blames table sugar and refined carbohydrates—as opposed to fats—for rising obesity rates. “But even they acknowledge they can’t be certain. That’s because, as Taubes eloquently argues, most of the existing knowledge gathered in the past five decades of research comes…
According to a news source, a 600-pound man, who worked as a Hometown Buffet restaurant manager, has filed a lawsuit under the Americans with Disabilities Act against OCB Restaurant Co. in a Connecticut federal court, alleging that he was fired and replaced with a worker who “is not morbidly obese and does not suffer from chronic knee pain.” Flanders v. OCB Restaurant Co., LLC, No. 14-1239 (D. Conn., filed August 27, 2014). See Courthouse News Service, August 28, 2014. Issue 536
California-based ChangeLab Solutions, an interdisciplinary public health advocacy group focused on policy reform, is holding a September 24, 2014, Webinar to discuss the potential impact of mandatory warning labels on sugar-sweetened beverages in reducing the rates of youth and adult obesity and diabetes. Webinar panelists will reportedly discuss lessons learned from failed California legislation (S.B. 1000) that would have required such warnings on SSBs, resources for driving similar strategies at the state and local level, and SSB warnings’ impact on the health of communities of color. Program faculty will include a senior staff attorney at ChangeLab Solutions, the executive directors of the California Center for Public Health Advocacy and Latino Coalition for a Healthy California, and the director of health promotion policy at Center for Science in the Public Interest. To learn more about the event, please click here. Issue 535
Advocate General Niilo Jääskinen of the EU Court of Justice has issued an opinion in the case of a morbidly obese child-minder in Denmark who lost his job, allegedly due to unlawful discrimination, finding that “if obesity has reached such a degree that it plainly hinders participation in professional life, then this can be a disability” under the Equal Treatment in Employment Directive. Karsten Kaltoft, who never weighed less than 352 pounds (with a BMI of 54) during his 15-year tenure with the Municipality of Billund taking care of other people’s children in his home until he was terminated, claimed that his dismissal was based on his weight and sought damages for discrimination. The Court of Kolding in Denmark referred the case to the EU Court of Justice, seeking an opinion on whether the EU Treaty and Charter included a “self-standing prohibition on discrimination on the grounds of obesity,” or…
A new study has reportedly concluded that “the more a child is familiar with logos and other images from fast-food restaurants, sodas and not-so-healthy snack food brands, the more likely a child is to be overweight or obese.” T. Bettina Cornwell, “Children’s knowledge of packaged and fast food brands and their BMI: Why the relationship matters for policy makers,” Appetite, July 2014. According to a recent press release, researchers found that among two groups of children aged 3 to 5 years, the preschoolers best able to match pictures of food items, packaging and cartoon characters with the corresponding logos were more likely to have higher body mass indexes (BMIs) than those with little knowledge of food and beverage brands. In particular, the study noted that only in one group of children did exercise appear to mitigate this association. “The inconsistency across studies tells us that physical activity should not be…
A recent viewpoint article published in The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) discusses an alternative theory of chronic overeating as “a manifestation rather than the primary cause of obesity.” David Ludwig and Mark Friedman, “Increasing Adiposity: Consequence or Cause of Overeating?,” JAMA, June 2014. Authored by New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center Boston Children’s Hospital Director David Ludwig and Nutrition Science Initiative Vice President of Research Mark Friedman, the article discusses the physiological and genetic mechanisms that may contribute to obesity, arguing that “a focus on diet composition, not total calories, may best facilitate weight loss.” In particular, Ludwig and Friedman not only point to previous studies claiming that the body adapts its metabolic responses “to defend baseline body weight,” but argue that insulin disorders “highlight the potential influence of metabolic fuel concentration on body weight regulation.” They also note that, contrary to a calorie-centric view of obesity,…
New York Times op-ed writer Mark Bittman, in a column titled “Parasites, Killing Their Host,” considers how “‘Big Food’ is unwittingly destroying its own market. Diet-related Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease disable and kill people, and undoubtedly we’ll be hearing more about nonalcoholic steatophepatitis, or NASH, an increasingly prevalent fatty liver disease that’s brought on by diet and may lead to liver failure.” He refers to recently published research by a George Washington University associate professor of sociology discussing how corporations have adopted a strategy to increase their legitimacy in the “community” effort to address the obesity epidemic and thus continue to sell products that promote ill health. Bittman concludes, “government’s rightful role is not to form partnerships with industry so that the latter can voluntarily ‘solve’ the problem, but to oversee and regulate industry. Its mandate is to protect public health, and one good step toward fulfilling that…
