An Arkansas federal court has dismissed with prejudice a putative class action alleging that Twinings North America, Inc. mislabeled its tea by including the statement that the product is a “natural source of antioxidants” on its packaging. Craig v. Twinings North Am., Inc., No. 14-5214 (W.D. Ark., order entered February 5, 2015). The plaintiff had argued that under the Arkansas Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (AFDCA), an act identical to the food labeling regulations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Twinings’ tea failed to meet the nutrient level threshold—10 percent or more of the recommended daily intake—required for a claim about the nutrient content of a product. Twinings argued that the Arkansas law claims were preempted by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) and could impose liability inconsistent with federal law. To assess the preemption argument, the court considered whether the statement “natural source of antioxidants” is…
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A California federal court has dismissed fraud claims against R.C. Bigelow in a putative class action accusing the company of advertising that its tea “delivers healthful antioxidants” when the levels of antioxidants are too low to benefit the consumer. Victor v. R.C. Bigelow, No. 13-2976 (N.D. Cal., order entered July 18, 2014). The court allowed to proceed the plaintiff’s claim that Bigelow’s antioxidants assertion on its packaging violated California’s Unfair Competition Law (UCL) based on the “unlawful” prong, but it dismissed with prejudice his claims that Bigelow had violated the “fraud” prong of the UCL. Despite arguing the importance of the word “deliver,” the plaintiff failed to prove that the phrase “delivers healthy antioxidants” represented that the product contained a high enough level of antioxidants to provide health benefits to the tea drinker; as the court had previously allowed the plaintiff to amend his complaint, the claims relating to fraudulent…
The U.K. Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) has dismissed a competitor’s complaint alleging that Unilever UK Ltd.’s commercial for its pyramid-shaped teabags “exaggerated the capability and performance of the advertised product.” Tata Global Beverages reportedly argued that (i) the visual demonstration used in a TV commercial for PG Tips tea was misleading, (ii) Unilever’s claim that “the tea has more room to move freeing the great fresh taste” could not be substantiated, and (iii) “the comparison with a round teabag denigrated Tata’s brand ‘Tetley’ because they believed that they were an identifiable competitor and that the ad portrayed the brand in a negative light.” According to ASA, Unilever not only countered that the visual demonstration in question “imitated consumer behavior when making tea,” but noted that the claims reflected the results of product testing and mathematical modeling supplied to ASA for review. Denying that the ad made a direct comparison to…
A federal court in California has denied the motion to dismiss filed by The Hain Celestial Group in four consolidated putative class actions alleging that the company deceives consumers by labeling and promoting 10 of its Celestial Seasonings® teas as “100% Natural” when they contain chemical insecticides, fungicides and herbicides. Von Slomski v. The Hain Celestial Group, Inc., No. 13-1757 (C.D. Cal., order entered June 10, 2014). So ruling, the court disagreed that the plaintiffs failed to state a claim or lacked standing, or that the litigation should be dismissed under the primary jurisdiction doctrine. The company challenged the Eurofins test on which the plaintiffs rely to support their claim that the teas contain “significant levels” of man-made, chemical pesticides. According to the defendant, the plaintiffs failed to provide details about the testing, and the study “was published by ‘an admittedly biased short-seller that admits that it issued the report…
A federal court in California has certified a statewide class of those who purchased Twinings North America’s green, black and white tea products labeled as a “Natural Source of Antioxidants.” Lanovaz v. Twinings N. Am., Inc., No. 12-2646 (N.D. Cal., order entered April 24, 2014). Details about a previous ruling narrowing the claims appear in Issue 509 of this Update. So ruling, the court rejected the defendant’s argument that the proposed class lacked ascertainability “because few, if any, company records exist to identify purchasers or which products they bought, and consumers did not keep receipts or product containers.” According to the court, many classes similar to this one had been certified by courts in the Ninth Circuit to the extent that the “class definition describes a set of common characteristics sufficient to allow a prospective plaintiff to identify himself or herself as having a right to recover based on the description.”…
The defendant in litigation alleging that it conceals the sugar added to its tea-like yerba mate products by listing the ingredient as “organic evaporated cane juice” has removed the action to federal court. Cowan v. Guayaki Sustainable Rainforest Prods., Inc., No. 14-1248 (N.D. Cal., removed March 17, 2014). The plaintiff, a California resident with a family history of diabetes, alleges that she purchased the products relying on the ingredients listed on the product labels and paid more for them “because she believed the Class Products contained lesser amounts of sugar and was [sic] healthier for her” than comparable products. Seeking to represent a nationwide class of consumers, the plaintiff claims that Guayaki releases misbranded products into the stream of commerce and that the company violates the Unfair Business Practices Act, California False Advertising Act and Consumers Legal Remedies Act. She also brings causes of action for negligent misrepresentation and breach of…
A federal court in California has granted in part the motion for summary judgment filed by Twinings North America in a putative class action alleging that the company misbrands its tea products by stating that they are a “Natural Source of Antioxidants” and “a natural source of protective antioxidants." Lanovaz v. Twinings N. Am., Inc., No. 12-2646 (N.D. Cal., order entered January 6, 2014). Regarding the plaintiff’s claims that the company’s labels imply protection from disease, the court found the product representations “too general to relate to a ‘health-related condition’” and thus dismissed these claims. As to causation, the issue was whether the plaintiff admitted in her deposition that she did not rely on the green tea and Earl Grey tea labels or the company’s website when making her purchasing decisions. The court refused to read her deposition transcript as narrowly as the company urged and found that the label…
Canadian researchers have warned that many off-the-shelf brewed teas purportedly contain lead in excess of levels considered safe for pregnant and lactating women. Gerry Schwarlfenberg, et al., “The Benefits and Risks of Consuming Brewed Tea: Beware of Toxic Element Contamination,” Journal of Toxicology, December 2013. Using 30 samples of black, green, white, and oolong teas obtained from supermarkets and health food stores, the study’s authors steeped the teas using one tea bag and 250 mL of distilled water for 3-4 minutes and 15-17 minutes. The results evidently showed that “all brewed teas contained lead,” with 73 percent of teas brewed for three minutes and 83 percent of teas brewed for 15 minutes having lead levels ranging from 0.1 µgm/L to 4.39 µgm/L. According to the study, California’s Proposition 65 currently sets an acceptable limit for lead in reproductive health at 0.5 µgm/L per day. In addition, the study notes that…
A federal court in California has dismissed a putative statewide class action alleging that Tetley USA misleads consumers by making “antioxidant, nutrient content, and health claims” for certain of its tea products; the statutory warranty claims were dismissed with prejudice, and the remaining claims were dismissed with leave to amend the complaint to comply with the plausibility pleading standard. De Keczer v. Tetley USA, Inc., No. 12-2409 (N.D. Cal., order entered August 16, 2013). According to the court, while the plaintiff acknowledged that the products at issue were consumables under the Song-Beverly Consumer Warranty Act, he “appears to argue that the product labels constitute express warranties and that the products in question therefore fall under the provisions of section 1793.35, which provides for the enforcement of express warranties on consumables. The Court rejects this argument because food labels, like the ones at issue, do not constitute express warranties against a…
A federal court in California has dismissed several of the claims in a putative nationwide class action alleging that Bromley Tea Co. makes unlawful and deceptive health-related claims on packaging labels and on its website for the company’s green and black teas. Clancy v. The Bromley Tea Co., No. 12-3003 (N.D. Cal., order entered August 9, 2013). The court rejected the defendant’s challenge to the plaintiff’s standing to assert claims as to products he had not purchased or statements he did not see before buying the products he did purchase. According to the court, “The named plaintiff has standing to assert claims relative to the products he purchased. He does not claim to have standing to assert claims related to other products. What he does claim is that he may be a potential representative of a class of people who have such standing. He may or may not be able…
